This pseudofruit (or "false fruit") is a by-product of the cashew nut industry. The cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale L., is called marañon in most Spanish-speaking countries, but merey in Venezuela; and caju or cajueiro in Portuguese. It is to a greater extent than oft than non bushy, low-branched in addition to spreading; may arrive at 35 ft (10.6 m) inward acme in addition to width. Its leaves, mainly inward concluding clusters, are oblong-oval or obovate, iv to 8 inward (10-20 cm) long in addition to ii to iv inward (5-10 cm) wide, in addition to leathery. Yellowish-pink, 5-petalled flowers are borne inward half dozen to 10-in (15-25 cm) concluding panicles of mixed male, woman mortal in addition to bisexual. The truthful fruit of the tree is the cashew nut resembling a miniature boxing-glove; consisting of a double trounce containing a caustic phenolic resin inward honeycomb-like cells, enclosing the edible kidney-shaped kernel. An interesting characteristic of the cashew is that the nut develops outset in addition to when it is full-grown only non yet ripe, its peduncle or, to a greater extent than technically, receptacle, fills out, becomes plump, fleshy, pear-shaped or rhomboid-to-ovate, ii to iv 1/2 inward (5-11.25 cm) inward length, amongst waxy, yellow, red, or red-and-yellow peel in addition to spongy, fibrous, rattling juicy, astringent, acid to subacid, xanthous pulp. Thus is formed the conspicuous, so-called cashew apple. The cashew is native to in addition to northeast Brazil and, inward the 16th Century, Portuguese traders introduced it to Mozambique in addition to coastal India, only alone equally a soil servant to halt erosion on the coasts. It flourished in addition to ran wild in addition to formed extensive forests inward these locations in addition to on nearby islands, in addition to eventually it equally good became dispersed inward East Africa in addition to throughout the tropical lowlands of northern South America, Central America in addition to the West Indies. It has been to a greater extent than or less casually planted inward all warm regions in addition to a few fruiting specimens are constitute inward experimental stations in addition to individual gardens inward southern Florida.
The production in addition to processing of cashew nuts are complex in addition to hard problems. Because of the smashing handicap of the toxic trounce oil, Latin Americans in addition to West Indians over the years receive got been most enthusiastic almost the succulent cashew apple tree in addition to receive got to a greater extent than oft than non thrown the nut away or processed it crudely on a express scale, except inward Brazil, where at that topographic point is a highly developed cashew nut processing industry, peculiarly inward Ceara. In Mozambique, also, the apple tree reigned supreme for decades. Attention in addition to so focused on the nut, but, inward 1972, the industrial potential of the juice in addition to sirup from the estimated ii meg tons of surplus cashew apples was existence investigated. In India, on the other hand, vast tonnages of cashew apples receive got largely gone to waste matter spell that province pioneered inward the utilization in addition to advertisement of the nut.
The apple tree in addition to nut autumn together when both are ripe and, inward commercial nut plantations, it is most practical to twist off the nut in addition to exit the apple tree on the Blue Planet for afterward grazing past times cattle or pigs. But, where undertaking costs are rattling low, the apples may endure gathered upward in addition to taken to markets or processing plants. In Goa, India, the apples are even so trampled past times human foot to extract the juice for the locally famous distilled liquor,
feni. In Brazil, smashing heaps are displayed past times fruit vendors, in addition to the juice is used equally a fresh potable in addition to for wine.
In the field, the fruits are picked upward in addition to chewed for refreshment, the juice swallowed, in addition to the fibrous balance discarded. In the habitation and, inward a express agency for commercial purposes, the cashew apples are preserved inward sirup inward drinking glass jars. Fresh apples are highly perishable. Various species of yeast in addition to fungi drive spoilage after the outset solar daytime at room temperature. Food technologists inward Republic of Republic of India receive got constitute that proficient status tin endure maintained for five weeks at 32º to 35º F (0º-1.67º C) in addition to relative humidity of 85% to 90%. Inasmuch equally the juice is astringent in addition to somewhat acrid due to 35% tannin content (in the red: less inward the yellow) in addition to 3% of an oily substance, the fruit is pressure-steamed for five to fifteen minutes earlier candying or making into jam or chutney or extracting the juice for carbonated beverages, sirup or wine. Efforts are made to retain equally much equally possible of the ascorbic acid. Food technologists inward Republic of Costa Rica latterly worked out an improved procedure for producing the locally pop candied, sun-dried cashew apples. Failure to take the tannin from the juice may trace of piece of job concern human relationship for the nutritional deficiency inward heavy imbibers of cashew apple tree vino inward Mozambique, for tannin prevents the body's amount assimilation of protein.
Food Value Per 100 g of Fresh Cashew Apple* | Moisture | 84.4-88.7 g |
| Protein | 0.101-0.162 g |
| Fat | 0.05-0.50 g |
| Carbohydrates | 9.08-9.75 g |
| Fiber | 0.4-1.0 g |
| Ash | 0.19-0.34 g |
| Calcium | 0.9-5.4 mg |
| Phosphorus | 6.1-21.4 mg |
| Iron | 0.19-0.71 mg |
| Carotene | 0.03-0.742 mg |
| Thiamine | 0.023-0.03 mg |
| Riboflavin | 0.13-0.4 mg |
| Niacin | 0.13-0.539 mg |
| Ascorbic Acid | 146.6-372.0 mg |
*Analyses made inward Central America in addition to Cuba.
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